Revamping Truck Driver Training: How Improving Standards Can Save Lives

The trucking industry serves as the backbone of our economy, yet a lack of comprehensive truck driver training standards puts countless people at risk on highways and roads across the United States. Each year, hundreds of thousands of semi-trucks, 18-wheelers, and other large commercial vehicles are involved in serious and even fatal accidents. The sheer potential for damage these vehicles pose makes it absolutely essential that truck drivers are well-trained to limit the risk to public safety.

The importance of trucker training standards simply cannot be overstated. However, current training requirements for U.S. truck drivers are distinctly lacking. In fact, the industry’s aggressive lobbying for deregulation over the years has led to a decrease in trucker training requirements—and an increase in trucking-related accidents, injuries, and deaths.

Despite this, studies continue to show that more training means improved safety. In fact, even small efforts in formal truck driver training have been proven to make a significant difference in the reduction of large truck accidents.

Current Truck Driver Training Standards

Currently, truck drivers are required to undergo a combination of classroom instruction and behind-the-wheel training. While there is some standardization for the issuance of new commercial driver’s licenses (CDLs) and CDL endorsements, further training requirements—such as retraining and advanced driver training—are typically left up to the state or even the entity that employs the truck driver. The only nationwide trucker training standards currently in effect apply solely to new, entry-level drivers or those seeking certain endorsements.

As of 2024, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) requires all new, entry-level truckers to complete specific training before they can be issued a commercial driver’s license (CDL). The goal of this entry-level driver training (ELDT) is to ensure that truckers are adequately prepared to recognize and respond to hazards, maintain appropriate safety standards, and remain knowledgeable of vehicle operation.

As of February 7, 2022, the ELDT requirements apply to the following individuals:

• Those seeking a Class A or B commercial driver’s license for the first time
• Those wishing to upgrade an existing Class B CDL to a Class A CDL
• Those obtaining a passenger (P), school bus (S), or hazardous material (H) endorsement for the first time

These requirements are not retroactive, meaning anyone who obtained a commercial driver’s license or specified CDL endorsement before February 7, 2022, does not have to complete any additional training. Furthermore, certain drivers may be exempt from ELDT requirements if they meet specific criteria.

The Benefits of Improved Trucker Training Standards

The benefits of increasing and improving trucker training standards aren’t only common sense but are also backed by scientific evidence. Multiple studies have shown a direct correlation between enhanced truck driver training and fewer large truck accidents.

A study conducted by a researcher at the University of Wisconsin, Stout looked at truckers with limited behind-the-wheel experience who underwent 7 – 9 weeks of formal training and examined the effect on their driving records. The study found that, with the additional training, the truckers had similar accident records compared to those with at least 10 years of driving experience but no formal training.

Additionally, an annual survey by Liberty Mutual Insurance found that, among trucking companies with a 42% lower average crash rate than the national median, approximately 80% mandated some type of in-vehicle training for their drivers.

It’s clear that additional trucker training is correlated to better driving safety and fewer accidents on our roadways—and the benefits aren’t limited just to public safety:

• For Truck Drivers: High training standards provide drivers with a wealth of knowledge and practical skills, leading to enhanced job performance and safety. It also opens up better career opportunities and job satisfaction, as drivers who are well-trained are more likely to advance in their careers and feel confident in their roles.
• For Trucking Companies: For companies, investing in quality training results in fewer accidents, reduced insurance premiums, and improved efficiency. Trained drivers are less likely to be involved in costly incidents, and their ability to operate vehicles efficiently can lead to savings in fuel and maintenance costs. This translates into better service for customers and a stronger competitive edge.
• For the Public: High training standards contribute to safer roads. Fewer accidents mean fewer injuries and fatalities, which benefits everyone. Additionally, improved driver competence enhances public trust in the trucking industry, reinforcing its reputation as a reliable and safe mode of transportation.

Challenges in Truck Driver Training

Although the evidence is clear—more training leads to enhanced safety—trucking companies and other entities continue to lobby for deregulation of the trucking industry. Unfortunately, as regulations have eased up, the number of large truck accidents and related traffic fatalities have increased. According to the National Safety Council, trucking-related accidents have gone up by nearly 50% over the last decade.

The trucking industry faces a number of challenges when it comes to improving driver training. Some of the most prominent barriers include:

• Inconsistent Training Programs: Training programs vary widely in both quality and content. This inconsistency can lead to uneven skill levels among drivers, with some receiving more comprehensive training than others. Standardizing training programs across the industry could address this issue and ensure a consistent level of competence.
• Cost and Accessibility: The cost of training programs can be a barrier for some prospective drivers and smaller companies. High-quality training programs require significant investment, which can be challenging for individuals and businesses with limited resources. Solutions such as subsidies or grants could help make training more accessible.
• Rapidly Evolving Technology: The trucking industry is evolving rapidly with advancements in technology. From autonomous driving systems to advanced telematics, staying updated with these changes is essential. Training programs need to incorporate new technologies and methods to ensure that drivers are prepared for the future.

Improving Safety: What Trucking Companies Can & Should Do

As the demand for freight transport grows, it’s essential for trucking companies to prioritize safety measures and high-quality, standardized training programs. Effective safety practices not only protect drivers and the public but also contribute to operational efficiency and company reputation.

Here’s what trucking companies can and should do to enhance trucker safety:

• Invest in Comprehensive Training Programs: A well-structured training program is foundational to improving safety. Companies should invest in robust training that goes beyond basic driving skills. This includes defensive driving techniques, vehicle maintenance, and emergency response protocols. Regular refresher courses can also help drivers stay updated on the latest safety regulations and best practices.
• Implement Advanced Technology: To significantly enhance safety, companies can leverage new and existing technology. Fleet management systems with GPS tracking, collision avoidance systems, and lane departure warnings can provide real-time data and alerts. These tools help drivers avoid dangerous situations and allow companies to monitor and address potential safety issues proactively.
• Promote a “Safety-First” Culture: Creating a culture that prioritizes safety starts at the top. Companies should establish clear safety policies and encourage open communication about safety concerns. Recognizing and rewarding safe driving practices can motivate drivers to adhere to safety protocols and foster a safety-conscious work environment.
• Review and Analyze Safety Data: Regularly reviewing safety data and incident reports can provide valuable insights into potential safety issues. Analyzing trends and patterns helps identify areas for improvement, including behind-the-wheel training, and allows companies to implement targeted safety measures. Continuous monitoring and assessment ensure that safety practices remain effective and relevant.
• Regularly Maintain and Inspect Vehicles: Routine vehicle maintenance is crucial for preventing accidents caused by mechanical failures. Companies should implement a regular inspection schedule to ensure that all vehicles are in optimal working condition. Additionally, drivers should be fully trained in safety protocols meant to address vehicle failures and other potential issues.

Enhancing trucker safety is a multifaceted effort that requires investment, technology, and a strong commitment to a safety-first culture—and it can be done. Several trucking companies have set benchmarks for excellent training programs. For instance, companies like Schneider National and J.B. Hunt are renowned for their comprehensive training initiatives, which have led to significant improvements in safety and efficiency.

These success stories demonstrate how investing in high standards of training can yield substantial benefits. But until all trucking companies enact rigorous training standards for their drivers, they must be held accountable for putting the public at risk.